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A autora Han Kang, sul-coreana, ganhou o Prêmio Nobel de 2024 |
O livro da sul-coreana Han Kang, "A vegetariana" (Editora Todavia), me trouxe lembranças dessa época. Em determinado momento do livro, os próprios familiares cercam a vegetariana. Agarram seus braços. Abrem sua boca à força e lhe enfiam nacos de carne. Nunca me obrigaram comer carne à força, mas passei por momentos constrangedores com gente tentando - na base da brincadeira agressiva - me enfiar, goela abaixo, pedaços de carne.
"A vegetariana" não é sobre parar de comer carne, nem traz receitas à base de legumes e hortaliças. É sobre uma jovem, Yeonghye, e seu processo de destruição mental. Vítima de maus-tratos pelo pai, casa-se com um homem que a escolhe por ela ser medíocre, por ser alguém que passaria despercebida, uma figurante na vida. Depois de casada com um funcionário carreirista, Yeonghye passa a ter pesadelos, com imagens de sangue e corpos dilacerados. Decide parar de comer carne, para não ter mais pesadelos. Deixa de usar sutiã, porque a peça lhe apertava o corpo. O marido não aceita os novos modismos da mulher e convoca a família de Yeonghye para uma "intervenção", que termina de forma desastrosa.
A história seguinte é narrada pelo cunhado que sente atração, quase incontrolável, por Yeonghye. Ele é um artista, de baixa expressão e pouca popularidade, que faz vídeos. Convida Yeonghye para uma gravação. Pinta flores no corpo da cunhada. Ela enxerga as pinturas corporais como um instrumento de libertação. Para conseguir satisfazer seu desejo e penetrá-la, o cunhado também se pinta. A autora descreve a relação deles como uma estranha conjunção, um hibridismo humano-vegetal.
O velho Freud, se questionado, diria que a personagem Yeonghye é id, uma pulsão, princípio de prazer e fonte de libido. Ela tira as roupas com naturalidade. Não se envergonha de ficar nua diante de estranhos. Mostra uma desinibição chocante, para os padrões de moralidade sul-coreana.
A terceira e última parte do livro é contada pela irmã mais velha. Inhye. A irmã mais velha teria - sempre segundo Freud - uma função de superego. Acaba com a brincadeira do marido com Yeonghye. Interna a irmã em uma clínica psiquiátrica e dá um pontapé no traseiro do marido traidor. Na função de superego, a irmã mais velha sufoca o instinto libertário. Reprime o princípio de prazer.
Massacrada pelo pai violento, veterano do Vietnã; esposa de um marido que lhe subjugava e a tratava como empregada e escrava sexual; Yeonghye vai perdendo a consciência, descendo patamares de lucidez.
É um livro que a gente lê em um dia (dois, se você tiver preguiça). Excelente para esse período de fim de ano, em que a TV e as redes sociais nem sempre são companhias agradáveis.
Tradução para o inglês:
"The Vegetarian"
Nothing seems to make people more uncomfortable than you saying you're a vegetarian. For 10 years, from the age of 20 to 30, I was a vegetarian. At the time, it was like saying you were Bulgarian. Campos Carvalho even wrote a book in the 1960s, "O púcaro búlgaro" (The Bulgarian Jug), where he narrates an expedition to Europe to prove that Bulgarians really existed.
During work trips, the driver and the photographer couldn't wrap their heads around it. We would go to a steakhouse, and while they stuffed themselves with meat, I would just eat salad. They would shake their heads. They couldn't understand it. Every lunch or dinner was always the same script: "Why don't you eat meat?", "Is it because of the little animals?", "Do you feel sorry for the cows and pigs?", "But you also kill lettuce and carrots to eat, don't you?" At home, my mother, trained in Italian cuisine, after receiving a shock equivalent to 10,000 volts, had to create vegetarian menus, very successfully I might add (dishes that I still make to this day). Even so, my relatives found it outrageous, a provocation without limits. I moved to Europe, and a year later, in 1982, while in France, I started eating meat again because, faced with immense survival difficulties, vegetarianism felt like a dispensable item in my backpack. There was also a transcendent, non-food-related reason for returning to Brazil: the memory of home.
The book by South Korean author Han Kang, "The Vegetarian" (published by Todavia), brought back memories of that time. At one point in the book, the vegetarian protagonist's own family surrounds her. They grab her arms. They force her mouth open and shove chunks of meat into it. I was never forced to eat meat, but I went through some awkward moments with people trying—under the guise of aggressive joking—to shove pieces of meat down my throat.
"The Vegetarian" is not about stopping eating meat, nor does it offer recipes based on vegetables and greens. It's about a young woman, Yeonghye, and her process of mental destruction. A victim of abuse by her father, she marries a man who chooses her because she is mediocre, someone who would go unnoticed, a background character in life. After marrying a career-driven man, Yeonghye begins to have nightmares filled with images of blood and mutilated bodies. She decides to stop eating meat to avoid these nightmares. She stops wearing a bra because it constricted her body. Her husband doesn't accept his wife's new ways and calls Yeonghye's family for an "intervention," which ends disastrously.
The next part of the story is narrated by Yeonghye's brother-in-law, who feels an almost uncontrollable attraction to her. He is an artist of little renown and popularity who makes videos. He invites Yeonghye to be in one of his recordings. He paints flowers on her body. She sees the body art as a tool for liberation. To satisfy his desire and penetrate her, the brother-in-law also paints himself. The author describes their relationship as a strange conjunction, a human-vegetal hybrid.
Old Freud, if asked, would say that Yeonghye is the id, a drive, the pleasure principle, and the source of libido. She takes off her clothes naturally. She isn't ashamed to be naked in front of strangers. She displays a shocking lack of inhibition by South Korean moral standards.
The third and final part of the book is told by the older sister, Inhye. The older sister would have—according to Freud—a superego function. She puts an end to her husband's games with Yeonghye. She commits her sister to a psychiatric clinic and kicks out her cheating husband. In her superego role, the older sister suppresses the libertarian instinct. She represses the pleasure principle.
Crushed by a violent father, a Vietnam War veteran; married to a husband who subjugated her and treated her like a servant and sexual slave; Yeonghye gradually loses consciousness, descending levels of lucidity.
It's a book you can read in one day (two if you're feeling lazy). Excellent for this end-of-year period when TV and social media aren't always pleasant company.